Sewer scope inspection - What exactly happens during a home inspection and what does it mean for the buyer and seller respectively? This article will break the process down for you and hopefully answer tho...

 
The sewer scope inspection involves using a small camera attached to a flexible rod to gain a real-time view inside the sewer pipes. It is a type of home inspection that examines the condition of your home’s sewer lines. Your sewer system will be inspected to determine its overall health and function.. Sexiest sundresses

We offer fast and reliable service, state-of-the-art technology, and an expert team of professionals to ensure that your inspection is thorough and accurate. If you live in the Grand Junction, Colorado area and need a sewer …Calgary Sewer Scope is an innovative company that specializes in the 3rd party CCTV camera inspection of sanitary mainlines, lateral lines, drains, storm sewers, septic systems and utility pipelines. Our NASSCO certified inspectors are committed to helping our customers properly identify issues with their underground infrastructure.A sewer repair can be one of the most costly and inconvenient repairs a homeowner can face. A home buyer should consider a sewer scope inspection on homes over 30 years of age, if there are large trees (and roots) in the yard, evidence of pest control issues within the home, random patches of green grass, evidence of mold, a foul smell, or …Locally owned and operated, Axios Home Inspection is dedicated to helping make your real estate transaction smooth, and your property less likely to experience expensive sewer issues in the future. Crushed pipes, clogged pipes, tree roots, damage, rusted lines, detached pipes – we can find it with a sewer scope Colorado Springs.Add-on Price starts at $ 165. No homeowner wants to discover a damaged or blocked sewer pipe, especially just after purchasing a home. Repairs to underground sewer drain pipes are expensive and can cost upwards of $10,000. A sewer scope inspection by our inspectors in Vancouver, WA can identify problems before a home purchase is finalized and ...A standard home inspection provides valuable insights on the current condition of a home – but it can’t always tell the whole story. If you’re planning on buying a home, especially one built over 20 years ago, you should consider investing in a sewer scope inspection.A sewer scope inspection will reveal any issues in a home’s sewage system – problems … Nonprofit Home Inspection’s sewer scopes are conducted to give a preliminary analysis about the physical condition and functionality of a home’s sewer line at the time of the inspection. Significant defects in materials visible at the time of the inspection will be noted in the report. The inspection is limited to visible defects at the ... Sewer Scope Inspections involve an extensive review of your property’s sewer line, a crucial yet hidden part of your home or commercial structure. Using state-of-the-art equipment, our trained professionals conduct a visual inspection of the sewer line, from the house to the city mainline. This process is essential in identifying potential ... Although the initial purchase of sewer scope equipment can be pricey—a good camera system ranges from $5,000 to $10,000—the financial benefits of this ancillary service will quickly pay for this, and more. Depending on the area, fees for a sewer scope inspection can range from $100 to $250. If an average of 300 sewer scope inspections are ... What to Expect from a Sewer Scope Inspection. One concern homeowners have is that a sewer inspection with video cameras on a fiber optic cable will still require invasive measures. Most of the time, residential sewer lines can be easily accessed from clean out or plumbing vents that do not require wall or dirt removal. After a point of entry ...What Is a Sewer Scope Inspection? Our trained inspector will scope the drain line during your inspection, equipped with a sewer line camera. They will find the sewer drainpipe and attempt to remove the cleanout cap; if the cap removes easily, they will scope between home and city main line. Or if needed, go from roof vent to the city main line.Sewer Scope Sewer Scope: A Critically Underlooked Function of the Home Having a properly functioning drainage system is critical when it comes to protecting your home, but the components of sewers are typically hidden from view during a standard home inspection, making them hard to examine. Our inspectors are certified and trained …1. Definitions and Scope. 1.1. A sewer scope inspection is a video inspection of the lateral sewer line (referred to by plumbing codes as the “building sewer”) from the house at or near the foundation to the municipality’s or HOA’s tap or septic tank, performed for a fee. The purpose of a sewer scope is to discover and report defects that are visible in the lateral …Ensure your home’s sewer line is free of problems and issues with a sewer scope inspection from the experts at Magnolia Home Inspection Services. We serve the Houston Area and all surrounding areas with our sewer camera inspection services. Request a quote , schedule now, or call us at (832)-303-8048. Request Quote Schedule Now.The Valley’s Finest! Valiant Scope & Jet is the Valley’s premier company for sewer line inspections (commonly referred to as sewer scopes) and sewer line hydro jetting. Valiant uses the highest quality sewer line camera equipment and commercial grade hydro jetting equipment because we won’t cut corners with your peace of mind.In today’s fast-paced business environment, organizations are constantly looking for ways to improve efficiency and collaboration. One tool that has gained popularity in project ma...According to Implementation Science, a scoping exercise is a study performed to identify the things one does and does not know in a current understanding. In relation to building w...A sewer scope is a video/photo inspection of the lateral sewer line from the house at or near the foundation to the city, HOA tap, or the septic tank. The purpose of a sewer scope is to discover and report defects that are visible in the lateral sewer line. These include but aren't limited to root intrusion, grease build up, rodents, blockages ...What to Expect from a Sewer Scope Inspection. One concern homeowners have is that a sewer inspection with video cameras on a fiber optic cable will still require invasive measures. Most of the time, residential sewer lines can be easily accessed from clean out or plumbing vents that do not require wall or dirt removal. After a point of entry ...A sewer scope is a video inspection of the lateral sewer line leading from the house at/near the foundation and connecting to the city or HOA tap or septic tank. Sewer-scoping a line can reveal blockages, damage to the pipe system, and other problems at your home inspection. Sewer scopes provide vital information for homeowners and home buyers ...A sewer scope is a small camera device attached to a cable and deployed into the underground pipes. As the sewer scope is routed through the lines, it records ...A sewer scope is a video inspection of the lateral sewer line leading from the house at/near the foundation and connecting to the city or HOA tap or septic tank. Sewer-scoping a line can reveal blockages, damage to the pipe system, and other problems at your home inspection. Sewer scopes provide vital information for homeowners and home buyers ...Sewer inspections are scheduled through our office at the same time the home inspection is scheduled. The video clip above shows a real sewer inspection on a sewer that is in good shape. This video clip is provided to our clients via email. Average cost to cure for breaks can range from $1000.00 to $10,000.00 or more.A sewer scope is a simple yet effective tool, a high-definition camera fixed onto a very long cable that you can then feed into your pipes and plumbing system. The aim of any sewer scope or sewer camera is to take a much closer and more detailed look at the inside of those pipes. Doing a sewer scope inspection involves using state-of-the-art ...I perform sewer inspections in the Seattle and surrounding areas. That includes the Puget Sound area from Auburn to Anacortes, and Seattle to Redmond. Available 7 days a week, even some holidays! Text, Call, or Email to get on the schedule: (206) 619-6626 or [email protected], it’s recommended only if you actually need it or really want peace of mind. Average Cost in Seattle, WA. The average cost for a sewer scope inspection in Seattle, WA is between $370 – $1,024. Sewer Line Inspection at The Pipe Doctor. The Pipe Doctor offers sewer line inspection at a cost of $250.A sewer scope inspection is a detailed examination of the sewer line leading from the house to the city sewer or a septic tank. It’s conducted using a specialized camera inserted into the sewer line through the cleanout – an access point in your plumbing system. The camera’s video feed is then watched to identify any issues within the ...Once the sewer scope inspection is complete the results may seem bad or overwhelming, but it is important to take a moment and work your way down this list in the order that it is presented before making any final decisions. Estimate repair costs: Not every blocked sewer line is a worst-case scenario. The potential blockage could be easily ...The sewer scope inspection is quick and relatively simple. A licensed professional will insert a long cable camera with a light on the end down your drain, extending through your pipes to the city sewer connection or septic tank. Typically, the inspections are also filmed, allowing review of the pipe after the physical inspection in …A sewer scope inspection is a process that involves inserting a special camera into your home’s sewer line to assess the condition of the pipes. This inspection can identify …Sewer Scope Inspection with Jim Krumm, CMI®. International Association of Certified Home Inspectors (InterNACHI) 39.8K subscribers. Subscribed. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. …A sewer line scope inspection, or plumbing scope inspection, uses a flexible borescope camera, which is run through the home’s main drainpipe aka sewer lines. The …A sewer lateral video inspection, often called a sewer scope, is performed to assess the condition of the main sewer line. W e recommend a sewer scope inspection because repairs, if needed, can cost thousands. We use an industry leading camera system to inspect the main sewer line from the home to the public city sewer connection.We offer fast and reliable service, state-of-the-art technology, and an expert team of professionals to ensure that your inspection is thorough and accurate. If you live in the Grand Junction, Colorado area and need a sewer …Apr 7, 2021 · What Happens in a Sewer Scope Inspection. This is a service that is in addition to the home inspection. Ask your home inspector if he/she does sewer scopes as well. Often, they can be done on the same day, if schedules allow. 1. The inspector notifies the homeowner of when the sewer scope will take place and also the practices and procedures. Our sewer scope inspection service is designed to identify a range of issues, including blockages, tree roots, cracked lines, low slope areas, and "bellies" that need to be fixed. By using this technology, we can provide you with an accurate diagnosis of any problems you may be experiencing with your sewer line and develop a customized plan to ...Our certified home inspector is dedicated to providing the highest quality level of customer service and the most comprehensive and thorough inspection services in the area for real estate. From home, and …1. Definitions and Scope. 1.1. A sewer scope inspection is a video inspection of the lateral sewer line (referred to by plumbing codes as the “building sewer”) from the house at or near the foundation to the municipality’s or HOA’s tap or septic tank, performed for a fee. The purpose of a sewer scope is to discover and report defects that are visible in the lateral …Our sewer inspection camera technicians are professional, courteous, and experienced. Call or text Clayton at (360) 628-1782 to schedule your sewer scope. Sewercam. Your Sewer Scope; Common Problems; Pipe Library ... While most of our sewer scopes show a healthy pipe, we have categorized common problems into a list of definitions for your use. ...We recommend doing this to prevent bursting a frozen pipe due to the freezing conditions. If you need any more information or help, give us a call at (586) 879-9407. Welcome to Seweroscopy.com! Home of CSI: Chris's Sewer Inspections of Michigan! We offer Sewer Scoping, Diagnosis and Repair. Fast Service Guaranteed! Call Us!your Sewer Scope Inspection! CALL (813) 638-9912. We proudly offer. INSPECTOR LIC# HI12235. (813) 638-9912. [email protected]. 3902 Henderson Blvd, Suite 208 #23, Tampa, FL 33629. Neve | Powered by WordPress. …Click Here to learn about our Sewer Scope inspections. for residential homes connected to city sewer mains. Septic FAQ (click to read more)-Should I get a Septic Inspection prior to buying a home/property? + Yes. A septic system can cost anywhere from $5,000 to upwards of $20,000 to replace or repair.A sewer scope inspection is a video inspection of the lateral sewer line from the house at or near the foundation to the city/HOA tap or septic tank. The purpose of a sewer scope is to discover defects within the pipe, such as root intrusions, cracks/collapse, sag/bellies, offsets, warpage, blockages, etc. Because the sewer lateral is only ... A typical sewer scope inspection can take anywhere from 15-30 minutes. The length of the inspection depends on the sewer pipe access, length and configuration (turns) in the line and the number of issues needing to be identified and located. That is where a sewer scope inspection comes in. A sewer scope inspection is a specialized inspection that uses a camera to look inside your sewer line. This will tell you exactly where the problem is and what needs to be done to fix it. What are the signs of a broken sewer pipe?Jun 10, 2022 ... A sewer scope inspection uses a camera attached to a cable to examine your home's sewer line. This pipe leads from your house to the ...Trusted local Sewer & Water line Inspection, repair & replacement pros in King & Snohomish County. ᐧ 24/7 Emergency Service 206.890.7478. Home; Services . ... It’s what we do. And it all starts with a sewer inspection (also known as a sewer scope) to exactly identify the problem. In addition, we provide free estimates and 24/7 emergency ...What is a sewer scope inspection? A sewer scope inspection involves inserting a camera scope into the main sewer line to check for any issues. The main sewer …A sewer scope inspection. Sewer scope inspections are typically not included in a standard home inspection, but are just as important. Why? Let’s discuss the basics about …Jan 31, 2023 · It is possible to rent drain inspection cameras from local rental yards for about $300 to $400 per day. Renting the locator is often a separate expense—$75 to $125 per day. So, with one-day costs reaching $375 to $525, it may be easier and more cost-effective to hire a company to video the pipes. Sewer scope inspections can help save money with a simple flat rate instead of an hourly rate. But there are even more benefits to be gained from sewer scope inspections such as finding and preventing issues and damage before they happen or get even worse, a non-intrusive process for inspecting the pipes, and peace of mind. SEWER SCOPE INSPECTION. Maryland’s history and neighborhood development spans decades. This rich history can cause many concerns regarding the state of a home’s sewer lines. A Sewer Scope provided by the Gotsch team of dedicated inspectors can help address and alleviate those concerns! Are there green home inspections? If you're making home improvements or trying to buy or sell a house, learn how green home inspections can help. Advertisement Every morning, I dus...A sewer scope inspection is an important tool used in plumbing to detect any potential issues or damages within the sewer system of a home or building. This inspection can be done from the inside or outside of the sewer and involves inserting a sewer scope camera into the sewer line to examine the condition of the pipes. During a sewer scope ...Locally owned and operated, Axios Home Inspection is dedicated to helping make your real estate transaction smooth, and your property less likely to experience expensive sewer issues in the future. Crushed pipes, clogged pipes, tree roots, damage, rusted lines, detached pipes – we can find it with a sewer scope Colorado Springs.Professional Sewer Scope Inspections in Houston. 1st-Rate Inspections is a trusted name in sewer scope inspections, with 12 years of professional services and ...See full list on redfin.com We work to determine the location of issues with the depth, so a plumber can quote any necessary repairs. We offer sewer scope inspections as part of a home inspection or as a standalone service. Visit our Services page for pricing. Schedule Your Inspection Today! Call 520-462-8844.Our sewer scope inspection service is designed to identify a range of issues, including blockages, tree roots, cracked lines, low slope areas, and "bellies" that need to be fixed. By using this technology, we can provide you with an accurate diagnosis of any problems you may be experiencing with your sewer line and develop a customized plan to ... In addition to the plumbing inside your home, there are lines running underground on your property and extending out to the city’s water supply and waste disposal lines. Sewer Diagnostics are Denver's experts in thorough and complete sewer line inspections. Call 720-551-7055 today for your next sewer scope or smoke test! Sewer Scope Inspection · Removing plumbing fixtures, such as a toilet, to access the drain · Climbing on the roof to access drains · Adding cleanouts to the&nb... A sewer line inspection is a critical component of the home inspection process, as a minor repair can cost thousands of dollars. What is included: If a lateral is not accessible, we will refer to a professional. Call Rogue Inspection Services for your sewer scope inspection needs. Serving Coos Bay, Eugene, OR and surrounding areas. Sewer Scope. During Pre-Purchase Inspection – $200. Stand Alone Sewer Scope Inspection – $300. Commercial Property Inspection *Performed according to Certified Commercial Property Inspectors Association Standards of Practice* Pricing to be Determined by Building Characteristics and Client Preferences.Thoroughly onsite inspection. Check the condition of the house can save you a lot of headaches. We can also check your sewer lateral and monitor the Radon levels in the property. Check all the critical aspects with just one company. Just schedule an appointment and our team will contact you. SCHEDULE NOW. Sewer scopes can help homeowners check the condition of their sewer line during regular maintenance, when there are problems, or when buying a home. A regular home inspection doesn’t normally include a look at the sewer line. Sewer scope inspections involve feeding a flexible small sized borescope camera through the drainpipe “cleanout” from where it enters into the sewer line. The inspector will inspect the sewer line for any issues such as: cracks, blockages, leaks, broken pipes, root intrusion, offset or detached joints and any other related sewer line issuesLocally owned and operated, Axios Home Inspection is dedicated to helping make your real estate transaction smooth, and your property less likely to experience expensive sewer issues in the future. Crushed pipes, clogged pipes, tree roots, damage, rusted lines, detached pipes – we can find it with a sewer scope Colorado Springs.Apr 7, 2021 · What Happens in a Sewer Scope Inspection. This is a service that is in addition to the home inspection. Ask your home inspector if he/she does sewer scopes as well. Often, they can be done on the same day, if schedules allow. 1. The inspector notifies the homeowner of when the sewer scope will take place and also the practices and procedures. If you want the inside scoop on which companies are serious about addressing their carbon emissions and which aren’t, take a look at the public comments submitted to the U.S. Secur...Mar 31, 2023 ... The results of a sewer scope inspection can help homebuyers and homeowners identify any potential problems with the sewer line, which can be ...A sewer scope inspection checks the private sewer line of a home. A small video camera is run through the lateral sewer line until it meets the public pipe. If the home you are planning to buy is over 20 years old, a sewer inspection will let you know if the line is clogged with tree roots or shows signs of cracks or damage. Here are some tips ...If you or anyone you know needs a fun and experienced home inspector that can do sewer scopes as well, give us a call. We offer $350 Flat Rate inspections and to date have earner over 2,000 5 STAR ⭐️ ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ Reviews. Give us a call at 206-451-1120 or feel free to schedule directly on our website.If you’re a homeowner, you know how important it is to keep your plumbing system in good condition. One of the most important parts of your plumbing system is the sewer line. If yo...CMS Home Inspection offers quick and affordable sewer scope inspections in an effort to save clients thousands of dollars (should an issue be found). So, ...See Inside Sewer Scope is a sewer inspection company that uses the newest technology to inspect a sewer for problems, analyze those we find, and help home owners or potential homeowners develop a strategy to keep those problems in check. Our background comes from a combined 24 years of experience serving the Denver Metro area in camera ...We provide residential inspection and sewer scope services to Riverside, San Diego, and Orange Counties. As the owner of Scope Home Inspections, I believe it is my duty as a licensed professional to understand all aspects of the transaction. I have built several homes and I have been involved in all aspects of the building process over the years.A sewer scope inspection is a video inspection of the lateral sewer line (referred to by plumbing codes as the “building sewer”) from the house at or near the foundation to the …We are also an InterNACH Training Partner. We specialize in new construction inspections, commercial inspections, mold inspections, sewer scope inspections, and radon inspections. Contact the knowledgeable team at Centsable Inspections today to learn more about how we can help you. Give us a call at (205) 260-9997 to get started.Special waterproof cameras allow for a high quality visual inspection of sewer lines and other pipes that are underground, in cement and under your home's foundation. Having a sewer scope inspection is a preventive way to protect your investment when you want to buy a home or whether you already have one. Sewer Scope Inspections Means NO …Let Us Help. Sewer Inspector is a service industry leader specializing in sewer and drain scopes. You can count on Sewer Inspector to set the standard when it comes to observing, compiling and presenting … A sewer scope camera inspection is a non-invasive way to inspect your sewer lines for problems such as blockages, cracks, leaks, and root intrusion. The inspection is performed by inserting a small, flexible camera into the sewer line through a cleanout opening. Oct 9, 2023 · Sewer line camera inspections cost $125 to $500 to open the drain and feed a plumbing scope through the pipes. The plumber views live video from the CCTV drain camera to locate clogs, damaged pipes, or tree roots. Sewer inspections cost $175 to $750 for homes without a cleanout—an aboveground pipe that provides access to the home's sewer line. When you move into a new home, one of the most important questions you can ask the previous owner is where the sewer line is located. However, if you can’t or didn’t get that infor...Video sewer scope inspections. Real Estate plumbing inspection service. Fast and reliable service in your area. Call CSI: Chris's Sewer Inspections 586-879-9407Jul 29, 2018 · Sewer scope inspections are not typically included in a typical home inspection and are usually ordered separately. Some professionals recommend doing a sewer scope inspection on a home 25 years or older. However, some real estate agents argue that they should always be performed as part of the home inspection process. Josh Goldstein, Licensed ... A sewer scope inspection is a video inspection of the lateral sewer line (referred to by plumbing codes as the “building sewer”) from the house at or near the foundation to the …A sewer scope inspection is an important tool used in plumbing to detect any potential issues or damages within the sewer system of a home or building. This inspection can be done from the inside or outside of the sewer and involves inserting a sewer scope camera into the sewer line to examine the condition of the pipes. During a sewer scope ...Down Under Environmental has been doing residential environmental testing since 2004. We conduct accurate, high-quality and affordable sewer scope inspections, radon testing and underground tank searches in the Greater Portland Metro area.At Down Under we pride ourselves in delivering responsive, friendly and professional customer service and ...

Our sewer scoping service resolves that concern. By making use of specialized camera equipment, we are able to inspect the hidden sewer line under your property for any signs of damage, so that you can know exactly what the risks of your investment are or have issues repaired before they become serious.. Car audio install

sewer scope inspection

A sewer scope inspection uses a camera attached to a snake-like cable to examine the home’s sewer lateral line. This pipeline is owned by the homeowner and leads from the house to the city’s main sewer line. Sewer scope inspections can reveal damage to the pipes, blockages, tree roots, low spots, etc. It also can spot potential problem ...Please do yourself the best favor, and always use and recommend Trademark!! Paige Cook Novi, MI. We Provide Sewer Scope Inspections for Residential Homebuyers, Homeowners, and Commercial Properties. Get Your Video Inspection Today! Call 734-331-3269.A sewer scope inspection is a video inspection of your home's sewer lines to check for damages, clogs or health risks. Learn why you should get one before buying a home and what signs indicate a sewer problem.A typical sewer scope inspection can take anywhere from 15-30 minutes. The length of the inspection depends on the sewer pipe access, length and configuration (turns) in the line and the number of issues needing to be identified and located.We are also an InterNACH Training Partner. We specialize in new construction inspections, commercial inspections, mold inspections, sewer scope inspections, and radon inspections. Contact the knowledgeable team at Centsable Inspections today to learn more about how we can help you. Give us a call at (205) 260-9997 to get started.Our certified home inspector is dedicated to providing the highest quality level of customer service and the most comprehensive and thorough inspection services in the area for real estate. From home, and …May 9, 2023 ... 5 Reasons to Schedule a Sewer Scope Inspection · Cracks or damage to the pipe · Tree roots that penetrate or block the line · Blockages .....A sewer line inspection is a critical component of the home inspection process, as a minor repair can cost thousands of dollars. What is included: If a lateral is not accessible, we will refer to a professional. Call Rogue Inspection Services for your sewer scope inspection needs. Serving Coos Bay, Eugene, OR and surrounding areas. A sewer scope is a video inspection of the lateral sewer line from the house at or near the foundation to the publicly owned main sewer line or the septic tank. The purpose of a sewer scope inspection is to discover and report defects that are visible in the lateral sewer line. The scope typically also identifies the material used within the ... Using this camera, the inspector will perform a comprehensive inspection of the sewer line, and look for things like cracks, damage to the lines, roots that ...Aug 25, 2023 · Sewer scope inspections are crucial for identifying potential issues, such as blockages, cracks, and root intrusion, which can cause significant damage if left unaddressed. Grow your business If you’re looking to expand your home inspection business, adding a sewer scope option is a great way to do it. What Is a Sewer Scope Inspection? Our trained inspector will scope the drain line during your inspection, equipped with a sewer line camera. They will find the sewer drainpipe and attempt to remove the cleanout cap; if the cap removes easily, they will scope between home and city main line. Or if needed, go from roof vent to the city main line.Sewer scope inspections are not typically included in a typical home inspection and are usually ordered separately. Some professionals recommend doing a sewer scope inspection on a home 25 years or older. However, some real estate agents argue that they should alflys be performed as part of the home inspection process.Lahaina, Hawaii – Today, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has completed inspecting the sanitary sewer lines in Lahaina, Hawai'i. EPA cleared debris, such …A sewer scope inspection will reveal any issues in a home’s sewage system – problems that could cost you thousands if left untreated. From warning signs to maintenance tips, this article …Down Under Environmental has been doing residential environmental testing since 2004. We conduct accurate, high-quality and affordable sewer scope inspections, radon testing and underground tank searches in the Greater Portland Metro area.At Down Under we pride ourselves in delivering responsive, friendly and professional customer service and ...There are three primary ways we can gain access to the sewer line: ‍. 1. An established clean out—often set within a mechanical room or basement bathroom. 2. The plumbing stack vent—those short chimneys located on the roof of the home. 3. Removing a toilet—exposing the drain since the scope won’t fit through a toilet’s p-trap.A sewer scope Inspection is a video inspection of the lateral sewer line from the house at/near the foundation to the city / main tap or septic tank. The purpose of a sewer scope is to discover and report defects that were visible in the lateral sewer line; the scope will typically also identify the material used as the lateral sewer line. The ...May 9, 2023 ... 5 Reasons to Schedule a Sewer Scope Inspection · Cracks or damage to the pipe · Tree roots that penetrate or block the line · Blockages ......

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